Andrei Halias

犹太纪念公园，位于明斯克的克拉拉·蔡特金街，是一个重要的纪念场所，纪念犹太人民的悲惨历史，特别是在大屠杀和明斯克犹太区的毁灭背景下。这个公园在纪念法西斯主义受害者方面占有特殊地位，并且是一个重要的文化和历史地标。

历史背景和公园的创建 
在19世纪末和20世纪初，现在公园所在的地区曾经是明斯克最大的犹太墓地之一。在第二次世界大战期间，该地区成为明斯克犹太区的一部分，纳粹在这里杀害了成千上万的犹太人，包括本地居民和从其他欧洲国家（如德国、奥地利和捷克斯洛伐克）被驱逐来的犹太人。他们中的许多人被埋在墓地的集体墓穴中。

战后，犹太墓地被关闭，1970年代，这里几乎被完全拆除，墓碑被用于各种建筑用途。然而，得益于明斯克犹太社区和其他组织的努力，1990年代，进一步的开发被停止，部分历史遗产得以保留。

纪念和纪念性物品 
克拉拉·蔡特金街上的公园在2019年12月被正式指定为犹太纪念公园。公园内设有几块纪念石和纪念碑，专门纪念从欧洲各城市（如汉堡、杜塞尔多夫、不来梅、科隆、柏林等）被驱逐的犹太人。这些纪念碑提醒我们，成千上万的人在明斯克犹太区和小特罗斯特涅茨被纳粹杀害的命运。

公园的一个核心景点是2008年安装的“桌子和椅子”纪念碑，旨在纪念大屠杀的受害者。这个作品由建筑师列昂尼德·列维和雕塑家马克西姆·彼得鲁尔创作。它象征着破碎的家庭和失去的生命，同时引起人们对那个时代事件记忆的关注。

公园的现状及其意义 
今天，明斯克的犹太纪念公园是一个宁静而维护良好的地方，游客可以在这里休息，听鸟鸣，享受大自然。公园被绿色植被包围，有整洁的小径和休息的长椅。夏天，这里是散步的好地方，可以享受凉爽与宁静。公园不仅作为一个纪念场所具有重要意义，而且是一个文化空间，人们可以在这里思考人类生命的价值和历史的教训。

尽管公园有时看起来有些被忽视，但市政部门定期进行清理和维护。公园也是市民散步的热门地方，特别是在午餐时间，许多人来这里放松和充电。

明斯克的犹太纪念公园不仅是一个哀悼和纪念的场所，还象征着保存历史遗产和文化记忆的努力。对于任何希望更深入了解明斯克和白俄罗斯在大屠杀和第二次世界大战背景下的历史的人来说，这里都是一个值得访问的地方。

Jewish Memorial Park, located in Minsk on Klara Zetkin Street, is a significant place of remembrance that commemorates the tragic history of the Jewish people, particularly in the context of the Holocaust and the destruction of the Minsk Ghetto. This park holds a special place in the memory of the victims of fascism and represents an important cultural and historical landmark.

Historical Context and Creation of the Park 
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the area of the present park was home to one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Minsk. During World War II, this area became part of the Minsk Ghetto, where the Nazis killed thousands of Jews, both locals and those deported from other European countries, including Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. Many of them were buried in mass graves within the cemetery.

After the war, the Jewish cemetery was closed, and in the 1970s, it was almost completely demolished, with gravestones used for various construction needs. However, thanks to the efforts of the Jewish community of Minsk and other organizations, in the 1990s, further development of the area was halted, and part of the historical heritage was preserved.

Memorialization and Commemorative Objects 
The park on Klara Zetkin Street was officially designated as the Jewish Memorial Park in December 2019. The park features several memorial stones and obelisks dedicated to the memory of Jews deported from various European cities, such as Hamburg, Dusseldorf, Bremen, Cologne, Berlin, and others. These memorials remind us of the fate of thousands of people who were killed by the Nazis in the Minsk Ghetto and at the Small Trostenets.

One of the central features of the park is the monument "Table and Chair," installed in 2008 to commemorate the victims of the Holocaust. The composition was created by architect Leonid Levin and sculptor Maxim Petrul. It symbolizes broken families and lost lives, as well as draws attention to preserving the memory of the events of that time.

Current State of the Park and Its Significance 
Today, the Jewish Memorial Park in Minsk is a quiet and well-maintained place where visitors can rest, listen to the birds, and enjoy nature. The park is surrounded by greenery, with neat pathways and benches for resting. In summer, it is pleasant to walk here, enjoying the coolness and tranquility. The park is significant not only as a place of memory but also as a cultural space where people can reflect on the values of human life and lessons from history.

Although the park may sometimes appear a bit neglected, city services regularly clean and maintain it. The park is also a popular place for walks among city residents, especially during lunchtime, when many come here to relax and recharge.

Jewish Memorial Park in Minsk is not only a place of mourning and remembrance but also a symbol of efforts to preserve historical heritage and cultural memory of past tragic events. It is a place worth visiting for anyone who wants to gain a deeper understanding of Minsk and Belarus's history in the context of the Holocaust and World War II.